Industrial Processes III Semester Test 1

Industrial Processes III

(IPO301T)

Semester Test 1

Date: March 18th 2009 Time: 2 hours Marks: 85 marks Initials and surname:   On answer sheet   Student number:   On answer sheet

Topics covered: Coal Coke Petroleum Natural Gas   Special requirements: Pen, pencil, ruler, eraser, sharpener. Answer sheet.

 

Coal

Question 1

What is coal and how was it formed? You can answer in your own words if you want, but include a definition and how it was formed.

(6)

Question 2

Name and briefly describe the six common grades of coal. When naming them, keep them in order from the lowest rank to the highest rank.

(13)

Question 3

What is metallurgical coke and how is it made?

(3)

 

Question 4

What is metallurgical coke used for? In the specific example, you need to include the two things it acts as.

(2)

Question 5

What is coal gasification?

Why is it done?

In what type of reactor is it done?

What reagents are added to the coal in this reaction and what products are produced?

Give the name of the gas produced in this step and its composition.

(6)

Question 6

What takes place during coal Liquefaction (also called Coal-To-Liquids (CTL))?

How can it be done and what is the name of the two processes used to do it?

Hint: the one process transforms solid coal into liquid and the other transforms the gas produced in question 5 into fuel. The second method is used by SASOL.

(4)

Question 7

List any six environmental effects of coal. You don't need to discuss them

(6)

 

Petroleum

 

 

Question 8

What is petroleum?

(3)

Question 9

Briefly discuss the chemical composition of petroleum. Include the types of hydrocarbons found in petroleum in your answer as well as any of the other organic molecules, elements and metals it may contain.

(6)

Question 10

Briefly discuss the formation of petroleum. In other words, how did petroleum form? Include the environment in which initial deposition took place as well as the chemical changes that took place to produce petroleum.

(4)

 

Question 11

What three conditions need to be present for the formation of a crude oil reservoir?

Also make a drawing of a crude oil reservoir and indicate the geological formations and the layering present in the reserve itself.

(6)

Question 12

By what method is petroleum separated into various petrochemicals with different boiling points? Two words.

(2)

Question 13

Name four fuels derivatives and three other derivatives of petroleum. I.e. name the fuel and other petrochemicals that are made from petroleum.

(7)

Question 14

What are the terms used for petroleum with high and low sulfur content.

Note there are two terms needed in this answer. Clearly show which is which in your answer (high sulfur and low sulfur content)

(2)

Question 15

Briefly discuss three environmental impacts caused by the use of petroleum. You only need to write ±2 lines per impact.

(3)

 

Natural Gas

 

Question 16

What is natural gas? Please include its chemical composition in your answer.

(4)

 

Question 17

What is biogas and how it is produced?

(4)

 

Question 18

Name three uses of natural gas.

(3)

 

Question 19

Which of the fossil fuels produce the least amount of CO₂ per unit of energy produced? In other words, which of the fossil fuels contributes the least to global warming?

(1)

Total (85)